Consider a transformation from point A to B in a two-step process. First, the pressure is lowered from 13 MPa at point A to a pressure of 2 MPa, while keeping the volume at 3.1 L by cooling the system. The state reached is labeled C. Then the system is heated at a constant pressure to reach a volume of 9.5 L in the state B. (Assume the system consists of a monatomic ideal gas.)

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unbalanced force

explanation:

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.