If a typical current density (current per unit cross-sectional area) in the cell membrane is 5 mA/cm2 when the voltage across the membrane (the action potential) is 50 mV, what is the number density of open ion channels in the membrane

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.

Asubject in a clinical research trial experiences a serious, unanticipated adverse drug experience. how should the investigator proceed, with respect to the irb, after the discovery of the adverse event occurrence? a. do not report the adverse drug experience to the irb since it is a common adverse experience.b. report the adverse drug experience to the irb only if there are several other occurrences.c. report the adverse drug experience as part of the continuing review report.d. report the adverse drug experience in a timely manner, in keeping with the irb's policies and procedures, using the forms or the mechanism provided by the irb.

In the circuit, the switch s has been open for a long time and r = 125 kohm. it is then suddenly closed. (a) determine the time constant before the switch is closed. s (b) determine the time constant after the switch is closed. _ s (c) let the switch be closed at t = 0. find the current in the switch as a function of time. (use t for time. express your answer in milliamps and seconds.) i(t) =_