Navigate to Voyages: Distances to Galaxies (Links to an external site.). For each cluster in turn, click its link under "First, Observe and Appreciate" to open it in the SkyServer Navigate tool. Follow the directions under "Record the Redshift to Each Cluster" to get to redshifts of members of the cluster. I suggest that you calculate the redshift to each cluster by averaging five galaxies in each; this is a great time to learn how to use a spreadsheet. Note: Do not use the z value listed in the box on the top-right of the Navigate page. This is a magnitude, not a redshift. I know this is confusing, please feel free to send your concerns to the Queen of Astronomy.

Find the steady-state temperature at the center of the plate = /2, = /2) for sums of w from n=1 to n=19 (only odd values). find the value of n for which the change in /2, /2) is less than 1% from the value at the previous n. at this point, we consider the solution converged. does the value of the temperature at the center seem reasonable? in this part, the values of x and y are constant scalar values. you should produce a plot of the value of n on the horizontal and the estimate of the temperature at the center of the plate on the vertical. b. using the value of n (or larger) that resulted in convergence in part (a), create a contourf plot of the temperature distribution across the entire plate. use enough spatial subdivisions to create a useful plot. comment on the results. hint: you need to determine what “x” and “y” values to use to make your t matrix. i recommend using a different number of x and y values. use enough x and y values so that the plot is “smooth”.