In a device like the one shown below, the cylinder is allowed to fall a distance of 300 m. As a result, the temperature of the water increases by 2.7°C. What would have been the increase in temperature if the cylinder were only allowed to fall 100 m?

Increase in the temperature of water would be 0.9 degree C

Explanation:

As we know by energy conservation

Change in the gravitational potential energy of the cylinder = increase in the thermal energy of the water

Here we know that the gravitational potential energy of the cylinder is given as

here we have

h = 300 m

now we can say

now if the cylinder falls from height h = 100 m

then we have

now from above two equations

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