In a cyclic process, a gas performs 123 J of work on its surroundings per cycle. What amount of heat, if any, transfers into or out of the gas per cycle?

123 J transfers out of the gas

123 J transfers into the gas

246 J transfers into the gas

0 J (no heat transfers)

123 J transfer into the gas

Explanation:

Here we know that 123 J work is done by the gas on its surrounding

So here gas is doing work against external forces

Now for cyclic process we know that

so from 1st law of thermodynamics we have

so work done is same as the heat supplied to the system

So correct answer is

123 J transfer into the gas

answer; (d) spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder;