Assume that the polymer material has a constant refractive index of 1.5. For light of 600nm wavelength at normal incidence, what should the smallest thickness of polymer film be, to reflect minimal light on a perfectly reflective substrate

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

When a book falls from a shelf to the ground without anyone pushing on it, no work is done on the book. true or false

Phase changes are chemical changes. true or false