A car travelling along a straight road has to stop and wait at red traffic lights. The graph shows how the velocity of the car changes after the traffic lights turn green. A car travelling along a straight road has to stop and wait at red traffic lights. The graph shows how the velocity of the car changes after the traffic lights turn green.

(a) Between the traffic lights changing to green and the car starting to move there is a time delay. This is called the reaction time. Write down one factor that could affect the driver’s reaction time.
(1)
(b) Calculate the distance the car travels while accelerating. Show clearly how you work out your answer.

Distance = meters (3)
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car. Show clearly how you work out your final answer and give the units.

Acceleration = (4)

The graph shows changes in the velocity of a racing car.

(a) Describe the motion of the racing car during:
(i) the period labelled W; (1)
(ii) the period labelled Y. (1)

(b) Calculate the acceleration of the racing car during the period labelled X. Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

Acceleration = (4)
A train travels from town A to town B.
Figure 1 shows the route taken by the train.
Figure 1 has been drawn to scale.

(a) The distance the train travels between A and B is not the same as the displacement of the train.
What is the difference between distance and displacement?
(1)
(b) Use Figure 1 to determine the displacement of the train in travelling from A to B.

Displacement = km
Direction = (2)
(c) Figure 2 shows how the velocity of the train changes with time as the train travels along a straight section of the journey. Estimate the total distance travelled by the train.

Distance = m