Which of the following statements about ionization energy is true? . a. in a period, elements farther to the right generally have lower ionization energies than elements on the left. b. elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of the group. c. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. d. potassium has a lower ionization energy than sodium.

State the following: boyle's law and charle's law

Light from two different sources are incident upon the same side of a polarizing filter. light from one source is polarized with total intensity ip, while light from the other source is unpolarized with total intensity iu. as you rotate the polarizing filter through 360 degrees, the intensity of the transmitted light on the other side varies by a factor of 9. what is the relative intensity of the initial polarized source to the unpolarized source, or ip/iu?

Atoaster oven has a resistive heating element. the average rate at which it dissipates energy as thermal energy is 1.00 \(\rm kw\). in the united states, emf amplitude in household circuits is \(\mathcal e_{\max}\) = 170 \({\rm \; v}\) and the \(\rm ac\) oscillation rate is 60 \(\rm hz\). part a what is the root-mean-square current through the heating element?