A thermometer is removed from a beaker of boiling water and placed in a beaker of room temperature water. The thermometer takes 15 seconds to reach a reading of 25°C. The same thermometer is returned to the boiling water for several minutes. It is then placed under a tap of running water at room temperature. The thermometer takes only 10 seconds to reach a reading of 25°C. What conclusion could you make about conduction and convection based on these observations? A) Conduction is a more efficient method of heat transfer. B) Convection is a more efficient method of heat transfer. C) No valid conclusion is suggested by these observations. D) Conduction and convection are equally efficient methods of heat transfer.

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Aheat engine running backward is called a refrigerator if its purpose is to extract heat from a cold reservoir. the same engine running backward is called a heat pump if its purpose is to exhaust warm air into the hot reservoir. heat pumps are widely used for home heating. you can think of a heat pump as a refrigerator that is cooling the already cold outdoors and, with its exhaust heat qh, warming the indoors. perhaps this seems a little silly, but consider the following. electricity can be directly used to heat a home by passing an electric current through a heating coil. this is a direct, 100% conversion of work to heat. that is, 19.0 \rm kw of electric power (generated by doing work at the rate 19.0 kj/s at the power plant) produces heat energy inside the home at a rate of 19.0 kj/s. suppose that the neighbor's home has a heat pump with a coefficient of performance of 4.00, a realistic value. note: with a refrigerator, "what you get" is heat removed. but with a heat pump, "what you get" is heat delivered. so the coefficient of performance of a heat pump is k=qh/win. an average price for electricity is about 40 mj per dollar. a furnace or heat pump will run typically 200 hours per month during the winter. what does one month's heating cost in the home with a 16.0 kw electric heater? what does one month's heating cost in the home of a neighbor who uses a heat pump to provide the same amount of heating?

How does the entropy of steam compare to the entropy of ice?