A slender rod is 90.0 cm long and has mass 0.120 kg. A small 0.0200 kg sphere is welded to one end of the rod, and a small 0.0700 kg sphere is welded to the other end. The rod, pivoting about a stationary, frictionless axis at its center, is held horizontal and released from rest. What is the linear speed of the 0.0500-kg sphere as its passes through its lowest point?

The Linear speed of the 0.0500-kg sphere is ; 1.55 m/s

Given data:

Length of rod ( L ) = 90.0 cm  = 0.90 m

mass of rod ( m ) = 0.12 kg

mass of sphere ( m₁ ) = 0.0200 kg

mass of second sphere ( m₂ )

Determine the linear speed of the 0.0500 kg sphere

First step: determine the overall moment of inertia

I = ( 1 / 12 )*m*L²  + ( m₁+m₂ ) * ( L/2 )²

 I = (1 / 12 )* 0.120 * ( 0.90 )²  + ( 0.0200 + 0.0500 ) * (0.90/2)²

∴ I =  0.02227 kg.m²

Second step : determine the change in potential energy

ΔPE = m₁gh₁ + m₂gh₂

Given Information:

length of slender rod = L = 90 cm = 0.90 m

mass of slender rod = m = 0.120 kg

mass of sphere welded to one end = m₁ = 0.0200 kg

mass of sphere welded to another end = m₂ = 0.0700 kg (typing error in the question it must be 0.0500 kg as given at the end of the question)

Required Information:

Linear speed of the 0.0500 kg sphere = v = ?

Linear speed of the 0.0500 kg sphere = 1.55 m/s

Explanation:

The velocity of the sphere can by calculated using

ΔKE = ½Iω²

Where I is the moment of inertia of the whole setup ω is the speed and ΔKE is the change in kinetic energy

The moment of inertia of a rigid rod about center is given by

I = (1/12)mL²

The moment of inertia due to m₁ and m₂ is

I = (m₁+m₂)(L/2)²

L/2 means that the spheres are welded at both ends of slender rod whose length is L.

The overall moment of inertia becomes

I = (1/12)mL² + (m₁+m₂)(L/2)²

I = (1/12)0.120*(0.90)² + (0.0200+0.0500)(0.90/2)²

I = 0.0081 + 0.01417

I = 0.02227 kg.m²

The change in the potential energy is given by

ΔPE = m₁gh₁ + m₂gh₂

Where h₁ and h₂ are half of the length of slender rod

L/2 = 0.90/2 = 0.45 m

ΔPE = 0.0200*9.8*0.45 + 0.0500*9.8*-0.45

The negative sign is due to the fact that that m₂ is heavy and it would fall and the other sphere m₁ is lighter and it would will rise.

ΔPE = -0.1323 J

This potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy therefore,

ΔKE = ½Iω²

0.1323 = ½(0.02227)ω²

ω² = (2*0.1323)/0.02227

ω = √(2*0.1323)/0.02227

ω = 3.45 rad/s

The linear speed is

v = (L/2)ω

v = (0.90/2)*3.45

v = 1.55 m/s

Therefore, the linear speed of the 0.0500 kg sphere as its passes through its lowest point is 1.55 m/s.

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