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Ernest Rutherford (who was the first person born in New Zealand to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au). During this experiment, the energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 8.00 × 10^-13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 × 10^-27 kg and 3.29 × 10^-25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197).
a. If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 1200 during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus's final speed and the final velocity (magnitude and direction) of the gold nucleus.
b. What is the final kinetic energy of the helium nucleus?
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Ernest Rutherford (who was the first person born in New Zealand to be awarded the Nobel Prize in che...
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