How do the electrons in the bulb's filament, far from the battery and its emf, "know" that they should flow?

Ahydroelectric plant takes energy from water and turns it into electrical energy. what are the transformations of energy in the water molecules that are used in the process of generating electricity this way?

An ice-making machine inside a refrigerator operates in a carnot cycle. it takes heat from liquid water at 0.0 degrees celsius and rejects heat to a room at a temperature of 19.2 degrees celsius. suppose that liquid water with a mass of 76.3kg at 0.0 degrees celsius is converted to ice at the same temperature. take the heat of fusion for water to be l_f = 3.34*10^5 j/kg.how much energy e must be supplied to the device? express your answer in joules.

Specific heat refers to the amount of heat required to change 1 gram of a substance by degree(s) celsius