The buoyancy acceleration is critical to the formation of thunderstorms and their associated hazards. The maximum vertical velocity attained depends on the vertical distribution (magnitude and depth) of positive buoyancy experienced by a rising air parcelwithin the storm. Consider two environments, one with positive buoyancy in a layer that is 6 km deep and the other with positive buoyancy in a layer 12 km deep. The 6-km deep layer has an average parcel-environment temperature difference of 4 K, while the 12-km deep layer has an average parcel-environment temperature difference of 2 K. The temperature at the bottom of the layer in both environments is 300 K and the average environmental lapse rate is 6 K km-1. a. Determine the maximum vertical velocity experienced by a rising air parcel in each environment. Which environment has the greatest w? b. Show that the maximum vertical velocity from a can also be found using a relationship that depends on convective available potential energy (CAPE): w = 2 CAPE