All of the following are examples of electric current except
a. charges flowing in one direction through a circuit
b. charges moving through a conductor
c. electrical discharge from a charged object
d. electrons moving through copper wire

Ammonia enters the expansion valve of a refrigeration system at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 18oc and exits at 6.0 bar. the refrigerant undergoes a throttling process. determine the temperature, in oc, and the quality of the refrigerant at the exit of the expansion valve.

The temperature at a point (x, y) is t(x, y), measured in degrees celsius. a bug crawls so that its position after t seconds is given by x = 6 + t , y = 8 + 1 3 t, where x and y are measured in centimeters. the temperature function satisfies tx(3, 9) = 5 and ty(3, 9) = 4. how fast is the temperature rising on the bug's path after 3 seconds? (round your answer to two decimal places.)

Ahanging spring stretches by 35.0 cm when an object of mass 450 g is hung on it at rest. in this situation, we define its position as x = 0. the object is pulled down an additional 18.0 cm and released from rest to oscillate without friction. what is its position x at a moment 84.4 s later? express your answer in cm.