How much total heat transfer is necessary to lower the temperature of 0.175 kg of steam from 125.5 °C to −19.5 °C, including the energy for phase changes? How much time is required for each stage of this process, assuming a constant 835.0 W rate of heat exchange? Give the times in the order that the stages occur.

Explanation:

The heat required to change the temperature of  steam from 125.5  °C to 100 °C is:

The heat required to change the steam at 100°C to water at 100°C is;

The heat required to change the temperature from 100°C to 0°C is

The heat required to change the water at 0°C to ice at 0°C  is:

The heat required to change the temperature of ice from 0°Cto -19.5°C is:

The total heat required to change the steam into ice is:

b)

The time taken to convert steam from 125 °C to 100°C is:

The time taken to convert steam at  100°C to water at  100°C is:

The time taken to convert water to 100° C to 0° C is:

The time taken to convert water at 0° to ice at 0° C is :

The time taken to convert ice from 0° C to -19.5° C is:

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