In a thunderstorm, a charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. Thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. For the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. The point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. This breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. The ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. In addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. These two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. Take the breakdown electric field of air to be Eb=3.00×106N/C.
Estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached.
Express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ϵ0=8.85×10−12C2/(N⋅m2).

a

explanation:

no diagram was provided, but i'm guessing it's the one i've attached to my answer.

here, a mechanical force turns the rod.   this generates an electric current in the coil, which powers the bulb.

their crystal patterns have been disrupted by stress

this is an example of "committed" time.

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bacteria that live on the ocean floor are sustained by phytoplankton. phytoplankton, microscopic marine photosynthetic organisms, have a vastly significant role to play not only in the marine food web of which they’re part of, but also on a more global scale. despite their infinitely small size in comparison to other marine organisms, these tiny creatures occupy an immensely important ecological niche: they are the foundation of the marine food web, and as primary producers, play key roles in supporting all other organisms in the marine environment, as well as in the regulation of the earth’s climate through the sequestration of carbon, oxygen production, and other related processes. phytoplankton account for roughly half of all global primary productivity; therefore, their significance extends far beyond the marine environment alone. there is an intriguing sense of irony in the realization that these tiny living beings that often live out their existence unnoticed and undetected by the rest of the world, have such a far-reaching impact on the lives of virtually all other living organisms on the planet, particularly on those in the marine environment. the world that we have become accustomed to has been and is continuously shaped by the workings of these miniscule yet vital “plants of the sea”.

hope this !