The cloud chamber is filled with isopropyl alcohol vapor. The chamber is warm at the top, extremely cold at the bottom. At a certain height, the temperature is low enough that the vapor will condense to make droplets, a cloud, if there is something for a droplet to form on, a nucleation site. This can be a dust particle, or the ions produced by ionizing radiation traversing the chamber. This is the source of the trails of cloud that appear in the chamber; these are the tracks of high-energy charged particles. If you compared the track of an alpha particle and a beta particle, the track of the alpha particle would be , but the track of the beta particle would be .

The intensity of a polarized electromagnetic wave is 12 w/m^2. part a) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=0∘ with the plane of polarization? part b) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=30∘ with the plane of polarization? part c) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=45∘ with the plane of polarization? part d) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=60∘ with the plane of polarization? part e) what will be the intensity after passing through a polarizing filter whose axis makes the angle θ=90∘ with the plane of polarization?

Diamond will scratch quartz. true or false

Write the function getkthdigit(n, k) that takes a possibly-negative int n and a non-negative int k, and returns the kth digit of n, starting from 0, counting from the right