A piece of iron block moves across a rough horizontal surface before coming to rest. The mass of the block is 1.3 kg, and its initial speed is 4.0 m/s. How much does the block's temperature increase, if it absorbs 71% of its initial kinetic energy as internal energy? The specific heat of iron is 452 J/(kg · °C).

0.0126°C

Explanation:

Kinetic energy sustain by the block,K.E = 1/2× mass×velocity^2

K.E = 1/2 ×1.3×(4^2)

=1/2 × 1.3× 16 = 1.3 ×8 = 10.4J

The internal energy is 71% of kinetic energy is;

U= 71/100 × 10.4 = 7.38J

But U = m × C × ∆T

Where U is internal energy

m is the mass of iron

C is the heat capacity of iron

∆T is the temperature change

By make ∆T the subject of the formula we have

∆T=U/ m×C

=7.38/ 1.3×452= 0.0126°C

molecules are free to separate from each other and will take on the shape of the container. molecules move completely at random and high speeds. they vibrate in a fixed position and do not move around much. molecules expand to the edge of their container.