A) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80x107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00L of crude oil, if the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.

Explanation:

Heat released by one litre of oil = 2.8 x 10⁷ J .

Let m gm  be the mass of water required .

heat absorbed in increasing the temperature to 100 degree

= mass x specific heat x rise in temp

= m x 4.2  x ( 100 - 20 ) = 336 m  

heat required in boiling of all the water

= mass x latent heat of evaporation

= m x 2268 = 2268 m

heat required to raise the temperature of steam from 100 to 300 degree

= mass x specific heat of steam x rise in temp

= m x 2.03 x 200

= 406 m

Total heat absorbed = 3010 m J

So 3010 m J = 2.8 x 10⁷ J

m = 9.30 x 10³ g

density of water = 10³ g per litre

volume of water in litre = 9.3 x 10³ / 10³

= 9.3 litre .