5. A nail contains trillions of electrons. Given that electrons repel from each other, why do they not then fly out of the nail?

Nails are made of iron. Iron consists of 26 protons and 26 electrons. protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged, so this force of attraction keeps the electrons together.

If electrons repel from each other, the positively charge protons and nucleus allow them to move in a definite orbit and prevent them flying out of the nail.

its c i just checked it

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west