The pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression of an air-standard Diesel cycle are 95 kPa and 300 K, respectively. At the end of the heat addition, the pressure is 7.2 MPa and the temperature is 2150 K. Determine (a) the compression ratio. (b) the cutoff ratio. (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (d) the mean effective pressure, in kPa.

Materials will have different energies associated with the electrons inside them. this is related to how strongly bound they are by their work function. if we sandwich a material with a very low energy between two materials with a high energy, we create a trap for an electron. if this trap is very narrow in one direction in comparison to the others, this is approximately a 1-dimensional box that confines the electron. what is the lowest energy of an electron in the box if the thinnest direction across the materials is 4.81 nm?