Why does the value of g vary from place to place?

The variation in apparent gravitational acceleration (g) at different locations on Earth is caused by two things (as you implied). ... The distance between the centers of mass of two objects affects the gravitational force between them, so the force of gravity on an object is smaller at the equator compared to the poles.

explanation:

earth's surface is mainly heated by the absorption of infrared radiation from the sun.

evaporation occurs because molecules in liquid water are warmed ( usually by the sun) and vibrate quicker, becoming less dense and rise.

condensation occurs because molecules in water vapor are cooled and therefore vibrate more slowly thus becoming more dense and eventually fall to earth.

lines of equal barometric pressure on a weather map are called: isobars : lines of equal temp on a weather map are called: isotherms.​

co2reflects heat radiation back to earth buning coal and oil emits co2 globe warms