. What can scientists measure to provide evidence that electrons can move from one energy level to another?
A
the energy absorbed or released by atoms
B
the angle of deflection of alpha particles
C
the number of electrons deflected by a thin sheet of gold foil

Search coils and credit cards. one practical way to measure magnetic field strength uses a small, closely wound coil called a search coil. the coil is initially held with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field. the coil is then either quickly rotated a quarter-turn about a diameter or quickly pulled out of the field. (a) derive the equation relating the total charge q that flows through a search coil to the magnetic-field magnitude b. the search coil has n turns, each with area a, and the flux through the coil is decreased from its initial maximum value to zero in a time ∆t. the resistance of the coil is r, and the total charge is q = i∆t, where i is the average current induced by the change in flux. (b) in a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly “swiped” past a coil within the reader. explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip. (c) is it necessary that the credit card be “swiped” through the reader at exactly the right speed? why or why not?

An alien spaceship is 500 m above the ground and moving at a constant velocity of 150 m/s upwards. how high above the ground is the ship after 5 seconds?

The space between two 15-in.-long concentric cylinders is filled with glycerin (viscosity = 8.5 × 10-3 lb·s/ft2). the inner cylinder has a radius of 1 in. and the gap width between cylinders is 0.1 in. determine (a) the torque and (b) the power required to rotate the inner cylinder at 180 rev/min. the outer cylinder is fixed. assume the velocity distribution in the gap to be linear.