Olivia and Caitlyn want to know whether the wind affects how far a football will travel. They have one student go outside to the football field when it is not windy and throw the football 30 times. They measure how far the ball goes using a meter stick. On a windy day, they have the same student go to the football field and throw the football 30 times. Again, they measure how far the ball goes using the same meter stick. What is the Independent Variable?

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?