What is required to make a resting object move or a moving object change its speed or direction?

of a moving object?

Any change of speed or direction requires a force. In other words, forces cause acceleration. The direction in which an object moves depends on the direction of the force that is applied to the object. If there is more than one force, the forces work together

if the thermos has a vacuum innner, then heat through conv currents and conduction are reduced = vacuum flask

a skateboard rolling across the street - apex