Which of the followings did newton help create ? 1) algebra
2) chemistry
3) calculus
4) trigonometry

If a refrigerator is a heat pump that follows the first law of thermodynamics, how much heat was removed from food inside of the refrigerator if it released 380j of energy to the room?

The atoms in a nickel crystal vibrate as harmonic oscillators with an angular frequency of 2.3 × 1013 rad/s. the mass of a nickel atom is 9.75 × 10-26 kg. what is the difference in energy between adjacent vibrational energy levels of nickel? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 j • s, , 1 ev = 1.60 × 10-19 j)

When the displacement of a mass on a spring is 12a the half of the amplitude, what fraction of the mechanical energy is kinetic energy? at what displacement, as a fraction of a, is the mechanical energy half kinetic and half potential?