Consider an underwater spherical air bubble (you can assume the index of refraction of air is 1 and water is 1.33) with radius R. This bubble can act as a lens. What is its focal length?

-2R

Explanation:

The focal length can be calculated using this formula

1/f = (n1/n2-1)(1/r1-1/r2)

1/f = (1/1.33-1)(1/r + 1/r)

= -0.133/1.33(2/R)

F = -2R

The focal length is this

gpe = mass x gravity constant x height or… gpe = mgh

where… mass: measured in kilograms (kg)

gravity: gravity constant on earth = 10.00 m/s2

height: measured in meters (m)

gpe: measured in joules (j) or kilojoules (kj)

how do you solve gpe?

gravitational potential energy (gpe) is the energy an object has because of its position above the. ground.

gpe = mass x gravity constant x height or… gpe = mgh.

mass:

note: to earn full marks when solving science word problems, you must show your work:

formula.

example:

given values:

mass = 0.3 kg.

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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