A girl throws a pebble into a deep well at 4.0 m/s (downward). It hits the water in 2.0 s. How far below the ground is the water's surface? What is the pebble's average velocity?

Explanation:

(b) The initial velocity is added to that due to acceleration by gravity. The velocity is increased linearly by gravity at the rate of 9.8 m/s². The average velocity of the pebble will be its velocity halfway through the 2-second time period.* That is, it will be ...

  4 m/s + (9.8 m/s²)(2 s)/2 = 13.8 m/s . . . . average velocity

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(a) The distance covered in 2 seconds at an average velocity of 13.8 m/s is ...

  d = vt

  d = (13.8 m/s)(2 s) = 27.6 m

The water is about 27.6 m below ground.

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* We have chosen to make use of the fact that the velocity curve is linear, so the average velocity is half the sum of initial and final velocities:

  vAvg = (vInit + vFinal)/2 = (vInit + (vInit +at))/2 = vInit +at/2

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If you work this in a straightforward way, you would find distance as the integral of velocity, then find average velocity from the distance and time.

igneous rocks also form where plates converge. the subducting plate melts as it sinks into the crust of the earth, and the melt rises into the overriding plate forming volcanoes. metamorphic rocks are formed mainly in the lithosphere, wherever there is high pressure and high temperature. -woods