A diffraction grating with 270 lines per mm is used in an experiment to study the visible spectrum of a gas discharge tube. 1. At what angle from the beam axis will the fourth order peak occur if the tube emits light with wavelength of 665.0 nm?2. At what angle will the second order peak occur?

1) θ = 45.91°

2) θ = 21.04°

Explanation:

We are given;

Wavelength; λ = 665 nm = 6.65 × 10^(-7) m.

Distance between slits; d = 1mm/270 = 1/270 mm = (1/270) × 10^(-3) m

1) To find the angle, we will use the formula;

d sin θ = mλ

Where m is the order of peak which in this question is 4.

Thus, we have;

sin θ = mλ/d

sin θ = (4 × 6.65 × 10^(-7))/((1/270) × 10^(-3))

sin θ = 0.7183

θ = sin^(-1) 0.7183

θ = 45.91°

2) Similarly, d sin θ = mλ

Where m is the order of peak which in this question is 2. Thus;

sin θ = (2 × 6.65 × 10^(-7))/((1/270) × 10^(-3))

sin θ = 0.3591

θ = sin^(-1) 0.3591

θ = 21.04°

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.

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