Water starts to freeze from top whereas wax starts to freeze from bottom?why?

With the simplified model of the eye, what corrective lens (specified by focal length as measured in air) would be needed to enable a person underwater to focus an infinitely distant object? (be careful-the focal length of a lens underwater is not the same as in air! assume that the corrective lens has a refractive index of 1.62 and that the lens is used in eyeglasses, not goggles, so there is water on both sides of the lens. assume that the eyeglasses are 1.90

A1-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a circular rod in a vertical plane. the spring has an undeformed length of 5 in. and a constant k =25 lb/ft. knowing that the collar is released from being held at a determine, the speed of the collar and the normal force between the collar and the rod as the collar passes through b.

When is a current produced? when the terminals of an electrochemical cell are connected by a wire if the electric circuit is opened in an electrochemical cell if the electrolyte is removed from an electrochemical cell when the electrodes are reversed in an electrochemical cell