3.7. A dog searching for a bone walks 3.50 m south, then 8.20 m at an angle 23.1 degrees north of east, and finally 15.0 m west. (a) What is the magnitude of the dog’s total displacement? (b) What is the direction of the dog’s total displacement where directly east is taken as zero degrees and counter-clockwise is positive?

Explanation:

We shall represent displacement of dog in vector form , in terms of i , j , i representing east  and  j representing north .

Dog travels 3.5 m south .

Displacement D₁ = - 3.5 j

then dog travels 8.2 m , 23.1 degree north of east

Displacement D₂ = 8.2 cos23.1 i + 8.2 sin23 j

D₂ = 8.2 cos23.1 i + 8.2 sin23.1  j

= 7.54 i + 3.22 j  

Third displacement

D₃ = - 15i

Total displacement = D₁ + D₂ + D₃

= - 3.5 j + 7.54 i + 3.22 j  -15i

= - 7.46 i - 0.28 j

Magnitude of displacement = √ ( 7.46² + .28²)

= √(55.65 + .08 )

= 7.46 m

b ) Direction of displacement

If Ф be angle , displacement makes with west direction

TanФ =  .08 / 55.65 = .00143

Ф = .082 degree south of west or almost west .

From east , this angle = 180 + .082 = 180.082 , counterclockwise .

a.) travels faster in solids because the particles are closer together.

air is a gas water is a liquid