1. The directional movement of ions by facilitated diffusion through protein channels is determined by

The electrochemical gradient of the ion that is being transported.

Explanation:

Facilitated diffusion through protein is defined as a form of facilitated transport whereby passive movement of ions along concentration gradients are guided by the presence of other ions.

Thus, the electrochemical gradient of the ion being transported is what facilitates it

weight of the box is given as

here this is placed on the inclined of angle 42 degree

now this weight will have two components one is along the incline other is perpendicular to it

so here we need to apply a force parallel to incline opposite to its component of weight

so here the component of weight is given as

here we have

so it requires 75 n force to move it upwards

causes

fossil fuels burn

cities become more industrialized

human population grows worldwide