A ladder rests against a smooth wall. There is no friction between the wall and the ladder, but there is a frictional force between the floor and the ladder. What is the minimum angle θ required between the ground and the ladder so that the ladder does not slip and falls to the ground? There's no given information other than that given in the question. I'm assuming the answer is going to have to be given in terms of certain variables?

what experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?

a few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

the colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.

experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.

cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia

answer; how far out of place which the object finished relative to the starting location;

the components of a vector are the parts of the vectors that are to each other.

b perpendicular