Imagine that you have three circuit elements: a single bulb, a piece of wire, and a battery. You start by keeping these three elements separate and unconnected. You use a voltmeter to measure the voltage across each of the three elements. Then, you connect the bulb, wire, and battery together to form a complete circuit, so that the bulb lights up. You repeat the measurements you made before, using the voltmeter to measure the voltage across each element while it is in the complete circuit. For the questions below, assume that the battery and the wire are ideal.
a. Compare the voltage across the battery: a) when the battery is by itself vs b) when the battery is part of the complete circuit. Is the voltage across the battery different in these two situations, or is the voltage the same? Explain your answer.
b. Compare the voltage across the bulb: a) when the bulb is by itself vs b) when the bulb is part of the complete circuit. Is the voltage across the bulb different in these two situations, or is it the same? Explain.
c. Now compare the voltage across the piece of wire: a) when the wire is by itself vs b) when the wire is part of the complete circuit. Is the voltage across the piece of wire different in these two situations, or is it the same? Explain your answer.
d. Now consider only the situation in which the battery, wire, and bulb have been arranged to form a complete circuit in which the bulb lights up. For this situation, rank i) the voltage across the battery, ii) the voltage across the bulb, and iii) the voltage across the piece of wire, according to their absolute values, from greatest to smallest. If any are the same, or if any are zero, state that explicitly. Explain your reasoning.
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