Please help me this is a big test

Edward tolman explained the results of his study by theorizing that the rats were learning about the maze during every trial but they a. were agitated because other groups were getting reinforcement b. could not remember how to demonstrate it without reinforcement c. were not motivated to demonstrate it without reinforcement d. seemed to be too lazy to actually work without reinforcement

Can anybody me with this? ? (picture included.)

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth?