A hunter who is standing 220.0-m away fires his rifle. How long (in seconds) will it take the sound to travel to your ear. The air temperature is 43°F (6.0°C).

t = 1.52 s

Explanation:

The speed of sound is constant and depends only on the properties of the medium in which the sound propagates, many of these properties change with temperature, in the case of propagation in air, the speed of sound

          v =

where the temperature is in degrees centigrade

         v = 331 = 331    1.0109

         v = 334.6 m / s

let's use the uniform motion relationships

         v = x / t

          t = v / x

let's calculate

          t = 334.6 / 220.0

          t = 1.52 s

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.

conservation of mass

mass before something happens = mass afterwards