How do contact and non-contact forces affect the design of different modes of transportation?

Contact and non contact forces are big factors to consider in designing of different modes of transportation because this factors are resistances for the mode of transportation. These contact and non- contact forces should be minimized in order for the energy requirement to be also minimum. But not the extent of risking the safety, for example a non contact force is the wieght, the should be optimum, safety of the design should not be compromised just to reduce weight, just like by removing essential parts, support just to remove weight is not good. 

the motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation. a pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob ) attached by a string to a pivot point. as the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion.