A beta particle emitter is Cobalt - 60. Cobalt - 60 decays to Nickel in an exited state. Then gamma rays are emitted to bring Nickel to its ground state.

Discuss how you would use a Beta-particle source to investigate the penetration limits of beta-particles in the laboratory.

Which of these two sources, strontium-90 or cobalt-60, would be more suitable to
use for the penetration experiment above. Justify your answer.

Atomic models are important because, they help us visualize the interior of atoms and molecules, and thereby predicting properties of matter.

Explanation:

We study the various atomic models in our course of study because, it is important for us to know, how did people come to the present concept of an atom. How did physics evolve from classical to quantum physics.

All these are important for us to know and thus, knowledge about various atomic models, their discoveries and drawbacks and finally improvements based on scientific evidence present at that time is important for us to understand the underlying theory very well.

a solenoid is created by wrapping a l = 90 m long wire around a hollow tube of diameter d = 4.5 cm.   the wire diameter is d = 0.9 mm.   the solenoid wire is then connected to a power supply so that a current of i = 9 a flows through the wire.

randomized variablesl = 90 m

d = 4.5 cm

d = 0.9 mm

i = 9 a                                          

write an expression for the number of turns, n, in the solenoid. you do not need to take into account the diameter of the wire in this calculation.

calculate the number of turns, n, in the solenoid.

write an expression for the length of the solenoid (l2) in terms of the diameter of the hollow tube d.

calculate the length of the solenoid (l2)   in meters.

calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the solenoid in teslas.

explanation: