Does anyone know the right answer to this ?

Which one of the following research methods can show cause and effect

It is reasonable to assume that the bulk modulus of blood is about the same as that of water (2.2 gpa). as one goes deeper and deeper in the ocean, the pressure increases by 10000 pa for every meter below the surface. if a diver goes down 80.0 m in the ocean, by how much does each cubic centimeter of her blood change in volume? give the answer in cubic centimeters (actually one cubic centimeter equals one milliliter).

Cells in the nervous system have a potential difference of 70 mv across the cell membrane separating the interior of the cell from the extracellular fluid. this potential difference is maintained by ion pumps that move charged ions across the membrane. is this an emf? select the correct answer and explanation. 1)no. the ion pumps cannot separate charges; thus, they cannot create a potential difference. 2)yes. the ion pumps cannot separate charges, but they still can create a potential difference. 3)yes. the ion pumps can actively separate charge; thus, they can create a potential difference. 4)no. the ion pumps can separate charges, but they cannot create a potential difference.