Can someone help to answer this question?

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?

For the car in the picture ,in which direction is the normal force? -into the screen -down -out of the screen -up

Consider a one meter long horizontal pipe with a constant 100 cm^2 cross sectional area. water flows rightward into the pipe at x = 0 with flow velocity 02m/sec at every point within the pipe intake area. at x=1, the rightward flow rate is 0.192 m/sec. assume the water is a conserved quantity in the pipe, so there must be a leak (a sink) somewhere in the pipe. 1. compute net volumetric flow of the source if the system to be in equilibrium. 2. now assume the pipe in the problem has no leaks. compute the net volumetric rate of change for the system.