Three application of equilibrium in our daily life interms of physics. ​

Acup of coffee sits on the dashboard of an automobile. the car goes around a sharp curve. even though you hold the cup still, coffee still splashes out. this can best be explained due to a) density. b) friction. c) gravity. d) inertia.

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

An initially unpolarized light if intensity 500 w/m^2 passes through four polarizers. the transmission axis between adjacent polarizers is 45∘. what percentage of the initial intensity is transmitted by the system?