find out the electric field e vector due to a uniformly charged thin ring of radius a at a point on its Axis at a distance Z from the centre​

f is prop to m1xm2 double m1 double force

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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not too sure thinking all accelerations are pointed down