Why are machines not a 100% efficient?

A248-g piece of copper is dropped into 390 ml of water at 22.6 °c. the final temperature of the water was measured as 39.9 °c. calculate the initial temperature of the piece of copper. assume that all heat transfer occurs between the copper and the water. remember, the density of water is 1.0 g/m

The atoms in a nickel crystal vibrate as harmonic oscillators with an angular frequency of 2.3 × 1013 rad/s. the mass of a nickel atom is 9.75 × 10-26 kg. what is the difference in energy between adjacent vibrational energy levels of nickel? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 j • s, , 1 ev = 1.60 × 10-19 j)

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