The kinetic theory of matter states that the particles that make up all matter are in perpetual motion. we know that a solid cannot change shape because its constituent particles are unable to change position. explain how the particles that make up solid matter can be in perpetual motion if they do not change position.

describe how the kinetic theory of matter defines heat and how heat is affected by the rate of movement of the particles that make up matter.

Explanation:

1 : As we know solid do not change their shape and sizes as the molecules in them are tightly packed and have very little inter molecular spacing in between, they cannot leave there area and move outside but they tends to keep on vibrating from there mean position hence they do perpetual motion.

2: As per Kinetic theory of matter, it states that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion. Heat increases the rate of movement of particles as when heat is provided the particles tends to acquire energy and start vibrating more rapidly. Hence applied heat is directly proportional to the rate of movement of particles.

when it gains or loses electrons

where are the vectors ?