Electromagnetic waves can behave like particles

The speed of light in a material is 0.50 c. what is the critical angle of a light ray at the interface between the material and a vacuum?

9.98 kg of r-134a at 300 kpa fills a rigid container whose volume is 14 l. determine the temperature and total enthalpy in the container. the container is now heated until the pressure is 600 kpa. determine the temperature and total enthalpy when the heating is completed. use data from the steam tables.

Ametal ring 4.20 cm in diameter is placed between the north and south poles of large magnets with the plane of its area perpendicular to the magnetic field. these magnets produce an initial uniform field of 1.12 t between them but are gradually pulled apart, causing this field to remain uniform but decrease steadily at 0.240 t/s . (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field induced in the ring? (b) in which direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) does the current flow as viewed by someone on the south pole of the magnet?