How can the temperature of a substance remain the same even if the substance is absorbing thermal engergy

Temperature remains constant despite the application of thermal energy because phase change does not occur within the substance. To put it simply, here’s an example: You are drinking an orange juice outside and you decided to grab some ice to cool your juice. The mixture then turns into half ice and half juice with a temperature of exactly 0 degrees. But as you hold your glass, the ice begins to melt but the contents of the glass don’t change temperature. This happens because the thermal energy going into the glass come from the gas outside of the air which is the reason why the ice is melting causing the mixture not to warm up but do the opposite.

The earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygensolids turning into gases is called sublimation.