In a movie projector in your local cineplex, the frames of film go into the projector

a. head first or upside down.
b. feet first or right side up.

Is a  vector quantity  that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position." imagine a person moving rapidly - one step forward and one step back - always returning to the original starting position. while this might result in a frenzy of activity, it would result in a zero velocity. because the person always returns to the original position, the motion would never result in a change in position. since velocity is defined as the rate at which the position changes, this motion results in zero velocity. if a person in motion wishes to maximize their velocity, then that person must make every effort to maximize the amount that they are displaced from their original position. every step must go into moving that person further from where he or she started. for certain, the person should never change directions and begin to return to the starting position.

An atom's smaller negative particles are at a distance from the central positive particles, so the negative particles are easier to move. 

Amicroscope, because these cells are so small that you would not be able to see them, or what they attack without it.