A50.6 g ball of copper has a net charge of 1.6 µc. what fraction of the copper's electrons have been removed? (each copper atom has 29 protons, and copper has an atomic mass of 63.5.

First figure out how many atoms you have with Avogadro's number.  Since there are 63.5 grams/mol and you have 50.6 grams, you have (50.6/63.5)6.022E23=4.7986E23 atoms.  Since there are 29 protons per atom, there are also 29 electrons per atom, so you should have a total of
29*4.7986E23=1.3916E25 electrons.
Since there is a positive charge you know some of these electrons are missing.  How many are missing can be found by dividing the charge you have by the charge on the electron:  1.6E-6/1.6022E-19 = 9.98627E12 electrons are missing.  
Now take the ratio of what is missing to what there should be:
9.98627E12/1.3916E25 = 7.1760873E-13