Which of the subatomic particles have mass, which have a charge and what is the charge, and where do these particles reside in the atom?

Protons - have mass 1,67 x 10(-24)g, positive charge and it is situated in nucleus.
Neutrons - have mass the same like protons, but have no charge and they are placed in nucleus, too.
Electrons - have mass 9,1 x10(-28)g, negative charge and they are situated in electronic cover.
Protons and electrons have same charge (1,6 x10(-19)C) but different kinds - protons are positive and electrons are negative.

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.