When radio waves try to pass through a city, they encounter thin vertical slits: the separations between the buildings. This causes the radio waves to diffract. In this problem, you will see how different wavelengths diffract as they pass through a city and relate this to reception for radios and cell phones. You will use the angle from the center of the central intensity maximum to the first intensity minimum as a measure of the width of the central maximum (where nearly all of the diffracted energy is found). Required:
Find the angle θ to the first minimum from thecenter of the central maximum

Follow these directions and answer the questions. 1. set up the ripple tank as in previous investigations. 2. bend the rubber tube to form a "concave mirror" and place in the ripple tank. the water level must be below the top of the hose. 3. generate a few straight pulses with the dowel and observe the reflected waves. do the waves focus (come together) upon reflection? can you locate the place where the waves meet? 4. touch the water surface where the waves converged. what happens to the reflected wave? 5. move your finger twice that distance from the hose (2f = c of c, center of the curvature) and touch the water again. does the image (the reflected wave) appear in the same location (c of c)? you may have to experiment before you find the exact location. sometimes it is hard to visualize with the ripple tank because the waves move so quickly. likewise, it is impossible to "see" light waves because they have such small wavelengths and move at the speed of light. however, both are examples of transverse waves and behave in the same way when a parallel wave fronts hit a curved surface.

Two 1.20-m nonconducting wires meet at a right angle. one segment carries + 2.50 µc of charge distributed uniformly along its length, and the other carries - 2.50 µc distributed uniformly along it, as shown in fig. 21.50. ( a. find the magnitude and direction of the electric field these wires produce at point p, which is 60.0 cm from each wire. ( b. if an electron is released at p, what are the magnitude and direction of the net force that these wires exert on it?

The atoms in a nickel crystal vibrate as harmonic oscillators with an angular frequency of 2.3 × 1013 rad/s. the mass of a nickel atom is 9.75 × 10-26 kg. what is the difference in energy between adjacent vibrational energy levels of nickel? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 j • s, , 1 ev = 1.60 × 10-19 j)